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  • Welcome to TPK! This is your first of 2 free articles. For unlimited access to tutorials and articles, join TPK Premium for less than the cost of a latte.

    Tackling Diacritics in Calligraphy: A Polish (and Czech) Challenge

    March 3, 2020

    by

    Lindsey Bugbee

    Calligraphy, Dip Pen Calligraphy, Video

    For today’s blog post, Poland-based TPK reader Szymon provided me with a list of Polish words to write out. He was puzzled by how to write the diacritics and letter combinations that don’t appear in English! So, I decided to make a video of me writing each word on the list to show you how…

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    Tackling Diacritics in Calligraphy: A Polish (and Czech) Challenge

    Today, I decided to take on a (friendly) challenge from a Polish reader: write diacritics in calligraphy. This reader was kind enough to provide me with a list of words featuring diacritics and/or difficult letter combinations! Initially, I planned to write words and show you the photos. Then, I realized that it’s probably more helpful for you to see me writing them out to so you can get a peek into my thought process!

    Let’s Write Diacritics in Calligraphy!

    In case you didn’t know: A “diacritic” is a little symbol that lets you know a letter needs to be pronounced differently than its plain counterpart. Examples include: “ñ”, “á”, “ü”, etc.!

    1. “czerń”

    “Czerń” is Polish for “blackness”. This was a fairly easy one to take on!

    Calligraphy style: Kaitlin | Ink: Bleed Proof White | Cardstock: Cards & Pockets

    2. “przynajmniej”

    “Przynajmniej” is Polish for “at least”. I love the balance in this word because there are so many descenders (strokes that extend down)! You’ve also got to appreciate any word that connects an “m” and an “n”.

    Calligraphy style: Amy | Ink: Sumi | Paper: 32# Laserjet

    3. “łódź”

    “Łódź” is Polish for “boat”. The “ł” does trip me up a bit because it’s difficult not to make it look like a “t”!

    Calligraphy style: Janet | Ink: Bleed Proof White | Cardstock: Cards & Pockets

    4. “przypadek”

    “Przypadek” is Polish for “coincidence”. I like writing this one out because of the cluster of descenders in the middle of the word!

    Calligraphy style: Kaitlin | Ink: Bleed Proof White | Cardstock: Cards & Pockets

    5. “żółć”

    “Żółć” is Polish for “bile”. Szymon pointed out that this word is pure diacritics!

    Calligraphy style: Janet | Ink: Sumi | Paper: 32# Laserjet

    6. “jaźń”

    “Jaźń” is Polish for “consciousness”. This one was pretty easy because my husband has the same accent in his name (“Hernán”); it just appears above different letters here!

    Calligraphy style: Amy | Ink: Bleed Proof White | Cardstock: Cards & Pockets

    7. “děkuji”

    “Děkuji” is Czech for “thank you”. I received a request to write out this word from a Czech reader last year, and I decided it would fit well in this list!

    Calligraphy style: Amy | Ink: Bleed Proof White | Cardstock: Cards & Pockets

    8. “Šťastný”

    “Šťastný” is Czech for “happy”. This one is a bit tough because of the “v” above the “S”. You’ve got to make sure you have enough room at the top of the “S” to put that little “v” there! The apostrophe after the “t” is tough, too. Next time I write it, I’ll put much less distance between the “t” and the “a”!

    Calligraphy style: Janet | Ink: Sumi | Paper: 32# Laserjet


    Tackling Calligraphy Diacritics: A Polish (and Czech) Challenge

    The majority of TPK readers don’t speak Polish, Czech, or other languages with diacritics or letter combinations that don’t pop up in English. Still, you never know when you’ll run into a name or a foreign address that gives you a challenge! That’s when I hope this article (and these videos) will come in handy.

    Thanks very much for reading — and, today, watching — TPK, and have a wspaniale* rest of the day!

    Warmly,

    Lindsey's Signature | The Postman's Knock

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About The Postman’s Knock (TPK)

Hi, I’m Lindsey Bugbee, the illustrator, calligrapher, and author behind The Postman’s Knock (TPK). Since 2012, the TPK Blog has been a vibrant creative space filled with tutorials and lessons on modern calligraphy, hand lettering, and illustration. After publishing The Calligraphy Book, I wanted to elevate the quality of content even further—so I launched TPK Premium. You can join here to receive access to some of the internet’s best creative inspiration and project tutorials.

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63 responses

  1. Amy Avatar
    Amy
    March 9, 2020

    I really enjoyed this post. I figured out my own way to apply German umlauts, since they are just dots but I’m learning Polish, so it was a good help to see how I might apply calligraphy to that language.

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  2. S. Park Avatar
    S. Park
    March 7, 2020

    I wonder whether this would be easy for a native speaker to read?

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    1. Lindsey Bugbee Avatar
      Lindsey Bugbee
      March 8, 2020

      I’m not sure! I definitely made some grammatical mistakes, but maybe if a native speaker tried writing it!!

      Log in to Reply
  3. Aisha Avatar
    Aisha
    March 7, 2020

    ohhh, this is just the kind of information I’ve been needing!!

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    1. Lindsey Bugbee Avatar
      Lindsey Bugbee
      March 8, 2020

      Oh yay!! ❤️

      Log in to Reply
  4. eehillard Avatar
    eehillard
    March 6, 2020

    I love putting diacritics in calligraphy- French has a lot, and it is similar to putting the vowels in Arabic calligraphy- I would love to see some of that! I can send you some examples!

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    1. eehillard Avatar
      eehillard
      March 6, 2020

      Adding this so I can be notified of any follow-ups.

      Log in to Reply
  5. Tatiana Gebert Avatar
    Tatiana Gebert
    March 4, 2020

    This was a neat thing to see, whether or not it is exactly correct as someone commented. I try to write in Cyrillic for my dad. That is a little easier for me, as I have remedially studied Russian. In language class, I learned that Russians prefer to write in cursive, so the exemplars are already there.

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    1. Lindsey Bugbee Avatar
      Lindsey Bugbee
      March 4, 2020

      Interesting! I hope you enjoyed the read 🙂

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  6. marilyn.m.kelley Avatar
    marilyn.m.kelley
    March 4, 2020

    I LOVE the way you combined the C and Z. I have not thought of that. I think this is a great challenge bc the language can have different connecting letters than what we are used to.
    Thanks again for always sharing your gift and teaching us!
    Marilyn K.

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    1. Lindsey Bugbee Avatar
      Lindsey Bugbee
      March 4, 2020

      So happy you enjoyed! 🥰

      Log in to Reply
  7. Wanda Avatar
    Wanda
    March 4, 2020

    I wonder, why you didn’t ask Polish and Czech calligraphers for help. Because there are rules how to write the letters with diacritics and you are doing it incorrect…

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    1. Lindsey Bugbee Avatar
      Lindsey Bugbee
      March 4, 2020

      I’m happy to take feedback! I definitely don’t have any formal background in either of the languages and just was excited to try a new challenge! Thank you for reading!

      Log in to Reply
  8. Dorina D Avatar
    Dorina D
    March 4, 2020

    Interesting. Thanks for sharing

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    1. Lindsey Bugbee Avatar
      Lindsey Bugbee
      March 4, 2020

      My pleasure! 🙂

      Log in to Reply
  9. Kuba Avatar
    Kuba
    March 4, 2020

    Calligraphy aside, you’re writing a certain kind of American/French cursive that looks rather out of place when applied to Polish. But even then, the diacritics in cursive are not always written like diacritics in a printed Roman type. The ł in either case is most troublesome here.

    You are closer to being right about the ł and t than you think: ł is actually supposed to look a bit like a capital T! You start with an l with a cusp on top (as opposed to a loop). Think of a lowercase “i”, elongated to full height and short of a dot. Then add a horizontal line on top, just like in a capital “T”. The line should be approximately 1en wide (the width of the letter n). And there’s your “ł” 🙂

    The uppercase “Ł” is written starting from an uppercase L, with a horizontal line at mid-height, again about 1en wide, maybe a tad wider. The line must be horizontal, not slanted – it’s cursive, not Times New Roman, after all 🙂

    Uppercase “Ż” is written not unlike “Ł”: with an en-wide horizontal line across at mid height. Uppercase “Ź” is essentially unused: there aren’t many (if any) proper names that begin with it, and it’s rarely to be found at the beginning of a sentence.

    The “modern” American cursive is similar to the cursive used in Poland about a 100 years ago. Nobody writes that way when using cursive though. There’s a much more practical modern cursive in widespread use, also called “pismo szkolne” – “school script”.

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    1. Lindsey Bugbee Avatar
      Lindsey Bugbee
      March 4, 2020

      That’s great information to know!! Thank you for reading; I hope you still enjoyed!! 🙂

      Log in to Reply
  10. Arden Avatar
    Arden
    March 4, 2020

    Now that you’ve done Polish and Czech–would you consider Chinese? It helped me with brush lettering, and makes for fun conversations! Thanks for sharing!!

    Log in to Reply
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Hard to fit everything in, but this was 2025 in a Hard to fit everything in, but this was 2025 in a nutshell at TPK! 🥜

This year, I loved teaching at @thehappyevercrafter’s Workshop Week and participating in @calmingcalligraphy’s World Calligraphy as Meditation Day. And seeing the TPK calligraphy kit featured in @newyorkermag’s 2025 holiday gift guide was an unexpected (and delightful) cherry on top! 🍒

So much of what happened over the past year, though, was shaped by the TPK Premium community. Their questions and feedback helped guide Hand Lettering 101, while their encouragement fueled tutorials on topics ranging from turning red wine into calligraphy ink to illustrating recipes, painting with a wedge brush, and creating greeting cards and envelope art. 💌 That same support made it possible to create new worksheets and resources that others were able to enjoy as well, which I’m very grateful for. 

For a fuller recap (with helpful links and details) I shared a 2025 reflection on the TPK blog (link in bio).

#handlettering #gracefulenvelopecontest #pointedpencalligraphy #discordcommunity #calligraphyteacher
Which is your favorite koi-themed envelope? The fi Which is your favorite koi-themed envelope? The first one (A. Moreira), which was created as a prop for “The Calligraphy Book” ... *or* the second (Nigel Wright), which was created for the photographer who took pictures of the Moreira envelope for “The Calligraphy Book”? (When I heard how much Nigel had loved the first koi envelope, I made him his own variation!) 🎏

#mailart #snailmail #mailbox #snailmailrevolution #koiart
✨ A little comparison today … because not all ✨ A little comparison today ... because not all golds behave the same.

✦ Finetec gold → bright, cheerful, and versatile
✦ Greenleaf & Blueberry faux brass → softer, muted, and stunning
✦ Yasutomo pale gold → velvety, subtle shimmer with a sensible amount of sparkle

I love having all three on hand and choosing based on the feel I want for a project. It’s tough to go wrong! ✨

#moderncalligraphy #calligraphytools #goldink #watercolorcalligraphy #letteringcommunity mailart calligraphypractice artmaterials creativeprocess handlettering
🕊️ I originally made these printable tags for 🕊️ I originally made these printable tags for gifts … but now I want them everywhere. On presents 🎁, yes; but also tucked into snail mail, sprinkled across a holiday table with happy words written inside (“joy”, “love”, “peace”), or styled on a mantle for a cozy seasonal touch 🎄. They’re simple, charming, and versatile. Find them on the TPK Blog (link in bio)!

#thepostmansknock #printableart #giftwrappingideas #snailmaillove #happymail handillustrated holidaydetails paperlove creativegifting handlettering makersofinstagram stationeryaddict thoughtfuldetails slowdownandsendmail gifttags diygifttag giftwrapping giftpresentation handwrappedgift
I experimented with using the chic poppies techniq I experimented with using the chic poppies technique (see my reel from a couple of days ago) to make pretty stationery. LOVE how it turned out! The poppies are just an elegant way to add personality and elegance to any paper good. If you’re a TPK Premium member, *definitely* check out Lesson 6 of the Beginner’s Modern Calligraphy Online Course (2025 version). In it, you’ll find a detailed video demonstration that shows you how to bring these poppies to life! ✍️

#stationery #diystationery #floralillustration #penandink #handdrawn #drawing #painting #sumiink #snailmail #mail #mailart #snailmailrevolution #happymail #mailbox #calligraphy #pointedpen #dippen #rosegoldsumi
TPK’s calligraphy starter kit was just featured TPK’s calligraphy starter kit was just featured in @newyorkermag’s “A Holiday Gift Guide: Treasures That Are Old, or Old at Heart”. 🎁 I agree that it makes for a *fabulous* gift ... and it is the gift that keeps on giving, since your recipient will develop the skills to create all sorts of beautiful and satisfying projects. We’re talking gorgeous envelopes, frameable quotes that make a home feel cozy, place cards, sketchbook pages, family trees ... there are a lot of possibilities (and tutorials for those possibilities can be found on the TPK Blog)!

To get a kit, visit the link in my bio and navigate to the “SHOP” tab. If you buy a kit as a gift, let me know right after placing your order (lindsey@thepostmansknock.com). Be sure to tell me your recipient’s name, and I’ll be glad to include instructions for them over how to enroll in the Beginner’s Modern Calligraphy Online Course, which comes with the $125 kit option. ✍️ Happy holidays! 

#thepostmansknock #tpk #calligraphy #moderncalligraphy #calligraphycommunity #calligraphypractice #calligraphytools #calligraphyset #calligraphykit #giftguide #holidaygiftguide #newyorkermag #smallbusinesslove #shopsmall #makersgonnamake #creativegifts #handmadegifts #artgifts #artsupplies #stationerylove #snailmailrevival #envelopecalligraphy #learncalligraphy #artistsontiktok #creativeprocess #holidayseason #giftideas2024
✨Chic Inky Poppies Mail Art✨ – This inky poppy ✨Chic Inky Poppies Mail Art✨ - This inky poppy motif is one of my all-time favorites for filling blank space with drama and elegance. To make it, you use dark ink smudges, loose leaves, and airy petals to build a border that looks intricate but comes together quickly. My go-tos for this style are sumi ink and a touch of gold watercolor for warmth. 

Want to try it yourself? Visit the TPK website (link in bio) and search for “Chic Inky Poppies Mail Art Tutorial.” Happy creating! 🌸🖋️

#thepostmansknock #tpk #mailart #mailartideas #envelopeart #snailmailrevival #snailmailing #snailmailart #envelopecalligraphy #calligraphycommunity #calligraphypractice #pointedpencalligraphy #moderncalligraphy #sumiink #goldwatercolor #penandink #creativeprocess #creativemail #illustrationart #papercraft #stationerylove #artistsoninstagram #artreels #calligraphyreels #mailartreels
✍️ There’s a fresh addition to the TPK Catal ✍️ There’s a fresh addition to the TPK Catalog: The Graceful Ballerina Calligraphy Drill Worksheet 

This ballerina is unique among TPK calligraphy drills in that it’s really not that complicated. After a few simple loops, a flourished tutu, and long strokes to make the legs, you have, well, a ballerina! 🩰 The most difficult part is getting the outline right; but even that isn’t too bad because you’ve got a traceable outline included in your worksheet set.

The beauty of the flourished ballerina? She makes *anything* look elegant: cards, envelopes, gift tags, whatever. My recommendation is to feature her on your next envelope. She’ll add a “wow” factor and allow you to left-justify the address, which is always a relief (no need to bother with centering)!

To find her, visit the link in my bio, then navigate to the Blog!

#thepostmansknock #tpk #calligraphy #calligraphydrills #calligraphyworksheet #moderncalligraphy #pointedpen #pointedpencalligraphy #calligraphypractice #flourishing #flourishedart #mailart #snailmail #envelopeart #envelopecalligraphy #handlettering #creativeprocess #artistsoninstagram #balletart #ballerinadrawing #ballerinaart #inkdrawing #calligraphycommunity #stationerylove #letterwritersalliance #penandink #calligraphyinspiration #learncalligraphy #artistlife #creativeplay
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